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GEOVIA Surpac

Stope Slicer

You use this function to split a solid into multiple smaller solids. You can use this function to split an ore body into stopes, pillars, and crown pillars.

STOPE SLICER allows you to split a resource solid into stopes, splitting the solid by physical size (using planes, elevation, or by length along a centreline) or by target value (volume or mass of the stope). STOPE SLICER also evaluates the new solids to allow you to report on volume and tonnage, as well as block model grades.

The following image shows a section view of a sliced stope.

1. crown pillar

2. pillar

3. four stopes

Prerequisites: A valid solid to slice is displayed in Graphics. If you want to slice the object using planes, the planes must already exist.

To run this function: Choose Design > Stope Design tools > Stope Slicer, or...

  • In the Function Chooser, type STOPE SLICER, and press ENTER.

The Stope Slicer form contains the following tabs.

Note: The Stope Slicer form does not display all fields all the time. When you choose a different Slice option, or select a different Stope method, the fields on the Stope Slicer form change.

ClosedSlicing

On the Slicing tab, you specify how to slice the object into stopes or levels. You create pillars by leaving gaps between the stopes. You create crown pillars by leaving space between the levels.

Fields on the Stope slicer form, Slicing tab

Field Description
Active layer The name of the solid you are slicing. If Active layer is blank, open the DTM file you want to slice, click Select and select the DTM in Graphics.
Select You use the Select button to select an open DTM to slice.
Object

The triobject, of the solid, you are slicing. Only that triobject is sliced, so to slice an entire solid, make sure the entire solid has the same triobject number.

Tip: To see the triobject number for any part of a solid, on the Tools toolbar, click the Select tool, and choose Select Segment/Trisolation.

Trisolation The trisolation number of the solid you are slicing. Only this trisolation is sliced.
Slice

This setting determines whether to slice the solid horizontally (Levels only), vertically (Stopes only), or both horizontally and vertically (Levels and Stopes).

Stope method

This setting determines how the object is sliced vertically. Stope method is available only when Slice is set to Levels and Stopes, or Stopes only.

  • Planes. The width of each stope is the distance between two planes. You specify the From plane and To plane for each stope in the table in the Stopes section of this form. In the table, you must add one row for each stope.
  • Start plane and length. Slices are created starting from the vertical plane you select in Start at plane. The width of each slice is the Stope length. Each stope is followed by a pillar which has a width equal to the Pillar length.
  • Start plane, length and target. Slices are created starting from the vertical plane you select in Start at plane. The width of each slice is the Stope length, provided that the tonnage or volume (depending on the Target option you selected) of the stope is greater than or equal to the Target value. If the tonnage or volume of the stope is below the Target value, the width of the slice is increased by the Stope length and the tonnage or volume is compared to Target value again. The width of the stope is increased using this process until the tonnage or volume is greater than or equal to Target value.
  • Notes:

    • When the Target is tonnage, tonnage is calculated as volume x density. Density is specified on the Block Model tab as a constant value, or as a block model attribute.
    • If you have specified a Pillar length, each pillar is created only after the final width of the stope that precedes it is calculated, and that stope is created.
  • Centreline and length. Each slice is created along, and perpendicular to, a centreline string, in the direction of the centreline string. The width of each stope is the Stope length.
  • Centreline, length and target. Each slice is created along, and perpendicular to, a centreline string, in the direction of the centreline string. The width of each stope is the Stope length, provided that the tonnage or volume is greater than or equal to the Target value. If the tonnage or volume is less than the Target value, the width of the stope is increased by Stope length until the tonnage or volume meets or exceeds the Target value.
Levels  
Slice using
  • Elevation. The object is sliced horizontally at the elevations that you specify.
  • Note: You can create crown pillars by leaving a gap between the elevations that you select. For example, if you fill in one row in the From and To table as From: 700, and To: 750, then a second row as From: 760 and To: 810, you also create a crown pillars between 750 and 760.

  • Planes. The object is sliced horizontally using the planes that you specify.
Plane group The plane group of the planes you want to use to slice your levels. These can be horizontal or inclined planes.
Select centreline Allows you to select a centreline string, in Graphics, that you can use to slice the object if you have chosen a centreline Stope method.
From and To

When you are slicing by levels and stopes, using a centreline, and slicing levels by elevation, you can use different centrelines on different levels. From and To allow you to specify the elevations on which to use each centreline string.

From and To define the slicing levels. Depending on your Slice Using value, you define the slicing levels either as Z elevation values, or as planes. When creating stopes using a centreline, you can enter a different centreline for each level that you enter in this table.

Layer The name of the layer that holds the centreline string. This field, and the String and Segment fields, are filled in when you select the centreline string.
String The string number of the string.
Segment The segment number of the string.
Stopes  
Plane group The plane group that contains the planes you are using to slice the object. It is valid to use vertical or inclined planes to slice stopes.
From plane

The plane that is the near edge of the first slice. If there are multiple rows, the second From plane field is the plane that is the near edge of the second slice, and so on.

To plane

The plane that is the far edge of the first slice. If there are multiple rows, the second From plane field is the plane that is the far edge of the second slice, and so on. To add an additional row, press TAB in the To plane field.

Note: You can create a pillar by leaving a gap between From plane and To plane.

Stope length The width of each stope. When you use a target method, the length of the stope you create is a multiple of this value.
Pillar length The width of each pillar. Pillars are created at this length after the stope is created.
Target
  • Tonnage. The minimum tonnage of material that you require in each stope. The tonnage value is volume of the stope x density. Density is set on the Block Model tab in the Specific gravity value field, or, if you are using a block model, in an attribute, in the block model, that stores density.
  • Volume. The minimum volume of material that you require in each stope.
Target value

The minimum tonnage or volume, depending on the Target option, that must exist in each stope. Using tonnage as an example, after the STOPE SLICER function has sliced the ore body, if the tonnage of any of the new stopes is less than the Target value, the stope length of the stope is increased by the Stope length so that the length of that specific stope is doubled.

Tip: If you want the size (tonnage or volume) of each stope to be as close as possible to the Target value, use a small Stope length. Processing time is increased but the tonnage or volume is closer to the Target value.

Examples

These examples show you how you can fill in the Slicing tab to achieve a specific slicing result.

ClosedSeparate an ore body into three stopes, each with a width of 40, separated by pillars, each with a width of 10

This example uses planes, which you would create before using STOPE SLICER.

Slice: Stopes only
Stope method: Planes
From plane: 7110n To plane: 7150n
From plane: 7160n To plane: 7200n
From plane: 7210n To plane: 7250n

ClosedSeparate an ore body into two levels, each with a height of 40, separated by a crown pillar, with a height of 10

Slice: Levels only
Slice using: Elevation
From: 920 To: 960
From: 970 To: 1010

 

ClosedExclusions

Fields on the Stope slicer form, Exclusions tab

You might have a drive, or other existing workings, that you want to remove from the stope or from the pillars or crown pillars. When you add one or more objects as exclusions, you create stopes, pillars, and crown pillars that have the excluded objects removed from them.

Note: When you are slicing to a target, STOPE SLICER removes the volume of the exclusion as the final task after it has generated each slice.

Field Description
Select Allows you to select a solid, that is open in Graphics, to exclude from the stopes.
Layer The name of the layer that contains the excluded object. This field is filled in after you have selected the object you want to exclude.
Object The object number of the excluded object.
Trisolation

The trisolation number of the excluded object.

Note: To add an additional exclusion, press TAB.

ClosedNaming

When you slice an object, the stopes, pillars, and crown pillars you create are given a Name property. The settings on the Naming tab determine the value of that property.

Fields on the Stope slicer form, Naming tab

Field Description
Stope prefix

The prefix to apply to the name of each stope.

Tip: To see the name, and all other properties of the stope, after the stope is created, choose the Select tool, on the Tools toolbar, and choose Select Segment/Trisolation. Then select the stope in Graphics to see the properties in the Properties pane.

 
Start at

The automatically incrementing part of the name. The increment can be numeric or alphabetic. For example, a Start At value of 01A will cause the next values to be 01B and 01C, until 01Z, when they become 02A. Similarly, a Start At value of 001, will cause values of 002, 003 … 010. The way you specify the Start At value determines a format for the rest of the values, and any character other than numeric or alphabetic is placed in the correct place. For example, “01-A” causes values of 01-Z, 02-A, with the hyphen always located in the same position in the name.

Increment method Determines whether or not stope numbering is reset at the start of each horizontal level. If you select reset at each level, the Start At value is reset to the defined Start At value at each level.
Pillar name The suffix for pillars.
Crown pillar name The suffix for crown pillars.
Start object ID The triobject number of the first stope. Objects are numbered from this value upwards. They are in horizontal order of numbering first, and then in vertical order of numbering.
Label separator The character to use to separate the Prefixed label in the stope name from the rest of the stope name.
Area label

The name of a new property you want to create and apply to the stopes. The value of this property is added as a prefix to the name of the stope - that is, to its Name property. These values are also written to the object that is created (and the values are stored in the file) as a named attribute.

Tip: You can use Area label to name ore bodies or stopes. Then if you create a Stope Slicer .csv report, you can open the report in Excel and create a pivot table, summarising the data to suit your needs.

Value The value of the new property you defined in Prefixed label. Press TAB to create an additional property.
Sample names This section shows you a preview of the names you will create. You can experiment by changing the fields in the Stope Naming section, and then viewing the result here.

ClosedBlock Model

Fields on the Stope slicer form, Block Model tab

Field Description
Evaluate using block model Allows you to use the attributes in an open block model to provide grade and density for the Stope Slicer report.
Block model Select the block model you want to use when evaluating stope solids.
Specific gravity by
  • attribute. The Attribute field provides the density value.
  • value. The Value field provides the density value as a single number.
Attribute The attribute, in the block model, that stores density.
Replace negatives with Any negative value in the density attribute in the block model, is replaced by the Replace negatives with value. For example, if you have some air blocks, in the model, that currently have a negative density, you might use a Replace negatives with value of 0.
Value The density to use for blocks in the block model. You use either Specific gravity value or Specific gravity attribute. You cannot use both fields.
Use partial percentages
  • Selected: Stope Slicer uses sub-blocking to include data from blocks that are partially within the object you are slicing, but whose centroids are outside the object.
  • Cleared: For the Stope Slicer report to use any data from a given block, the centroid of that block must be inside the object you are slicing.
Precision Precision level 1 means that Surpac splits each block into 8 when doing sub-blocking. Precision level 2 means that each of those 8 subblocks are split into 8 more subblocks, and so on. The sub-blocks that are within the sliced object provide their data to the Stope Slicer report.
Ore/rock type attribute for classification

This optional field allows you to specify an attribute that indicates whether a block is ore or waste. The Stope Slicer report then shows how much ore is in each stope, and how much waste.

The attribute must have a type of character, integer, or be a calculated attribute that evaluates to a character or integer.

Attributes The attribute that stores the resource grade. You can add additional rows for each additional resource of interest.
Contained metal factor A number that is multiplied by the grade when the Stope Slicer report is produced. Usually Contained metal factor is 1. Contained metal factor is useful if you need to convert grade from one unit of measurement to another, for example from ounces per tonne to grams per tonne.
Metal units The unit of measurement that you would like to appear in the Stope Slicer report in the column that shows the weight of resource in each stope.
Replace negatives with

Any negative value in the resource grade is replaced with the Replace negatives with value. This is useful when a negative grade in the block model has been used to mark a block as waste. In that situation you could use a Replace negatives with value of 0.

If you did not replace negatives , the blocks with a negative grade would reduce the contained metal values shown in the Stope Slicer report.

ClosedResults

Fields on the Stope slicer form, Results tab

Field Description
New stopes layer The name of the layer that holds the new stopes.
Randomise colours Random colours are used to colour the stopes.
Stopes start colour The colour of the first stope.
Stopes end colour The colour of the end stope.
Colouring method
  • reset at each level. Each level of a stope will have the same colour.
  • continue across levels. Each level of a stope has a new colour.
New pillars layer The name of the layer that holds the new pillars.
Pillars colour The colour of the pillars in Graphics.
New crown pillars layer The name of the layer that holds the new crown pillars.
Crown pillars colour The colour of the crown pillars in Graphics.
Report filename The name of the Stope Slicer report.
Format The file format of the report, for example .csv.

Output

Three new layers are created, in the Layer Manager. The three layers hold the stopes, pillars, and crown pillars respectively. If your inputs do not cause any pillars or crown pillars to be created, the layers for these objects are not created. If you typed an Report filename, a report is created that shows the volume of each stope, pillar, and crown pillar. If you are using block model attributes to provide data, the report can also show the mass of each object, grade, and mass of contained metal.

The values written to the report (such as names, volume, block model attribute) are all also written directly into the stope solid. The values are saved in the file if you save the output layers.

Note: Some of these values, such as block model grades, are invalidated (and therefore deleted) when you modify the solid.

Tip: To view the values in the Properties window, click the Select tool from the Tools toolbar, and select the trisolation.

Tip: To save one of the three layers, activate the layer and save it. If you want the objects in the layer to keep the same colour each time you reopen them, select the Save styles box when you save the layer.