Radiation Survey
Radiation surveys are used for pickups of large open stope areas. This function enables you to input survey field data and then save the coordinates of the observed points in a `.str' file. This file can be recalled and used in the GRAPHICS module for further processing and viewing.
To run this function: Choose Survey > Underground surveys > Radiation survey, or...
Database Name
The current database name is displayed and cannot be changed in this form.
Define the Observation File
Enter the Location name and ID number of the observation file.
Data entry from
Describe the process of data entry. If the entry is keyboard input from a survey field book, then enter `K'eyboard. If the entry is from a file, then enter `F'ile. Usually file entry will come after data has been entered by keyboard, editing has occurred, and re-entry is required for further processing. The default value is `K'eyboard.
Complete the UNDERGROUND STOPE OR DRIVE PICK UPS form and choose Apply. If the observation file already exists the VERIFY CREATION OF A FILE form is displayed.
If you entered `F' to indicate the data entry is from a file, the UNDERGROUND STOPE OR DRIVE PICK UPS form is displayed, if you entered `K' skip this form.
Database Name
The current database name is displayed and cannot be changed in this form.
Define file to be recalled
Enter the Location and ID number of the file that contains the data, complete the form and choose Apply to continue.
Database Name
This is the current database name and cannot be changed in this form.
Define the Observation File Header Details
Enter the Purpose of Job in a manner that is beneficial to you when reviewing the report file. Enter the name of the persons involved in the survey (Surveyor), the Date, the Fieldbook name or number and the relevant Pages. Nulls are accepted, as you are not required to define the file details.
Ups and Downs
Describe the measurement method of your ups and downs as either VERTICAL ups or downs from the tape or line of sight, or PERPENDICULAR ups and downs to the slope of the tape or line of sight. The default value is VERTICAL.
Perpendicular ups and downs are useful when surveying in a very steep raise as it is often easier to measure ups and downs perpendicular to the line of sight.
It is important that you enter a value which agrees with the method of measuring the ups and downs otherwise the results are likely to be incorrect.
Complete the UNDERGROUND STOPE OR DRIVES PICK UPS form and choose Apply to display the
UNDERGROUND PICK UPS - RADIATION SURVEYS form.
Database Name
The name of the current database is displayed and cannot be changed in this form.
Set Up On Station
Station Id
Enter the station name of the occupied station.
Station to Instrument Axis
Enter the distance from the station to the instrument axis. Remember, measurements from the back (roof) to the instrument are -ve, and from the instrument to the floor are +ve.
Backsight Station
Station Id
Enter the station name of the backsight station. It is assumed that the horizontal circle of the theodolite is set to zero on the line from the setup station to the backsight station.
String Number for Backs, String Number for Floor
The x y coordinates for each of the surveyed points and the elevation determined from the up or down measurement are assigned to a particular string. The string number assigned to the back coordinates has the default value of 51. The string number assigned to the floor coordinates has the default value of 1.
Select Face
Indicate the theodolite face, `L'eft or `R'ight, you used when taking the vertical and horizontal readings to form the radiation survey. The default value is `L'eft.
Complete the UNDERGROUND PICK UPS - RADIATION SURVEYS form and choose Apply. If you enter a station name that is not found in the database, then a message will appear in the message window and the UNDERGROUND PICK UPS form remains to re-enter the setup and backsight stations. If the setup and backsight stations are not connected by virtue of the station_fr field of the setup station, a message is displayed in the message window and a CONFIRM FURTHER PROCESSING form is displayed.
Choose Apply to display the UNDERGROUND PICK UPS - RADIATION SURVEY form.
Database Name
This is the name of the current database and cannot be changed in this form.
Slope Dist., Vert. Circle, Horiz. Circle, Up, Down
Enter the slope distance radiated to the point and the vertical circle reading to the point. Enter the horizontal circle reading to the point from the backsight station to produce a bearing. Also enter the subsequent vertical offset up to the back (+ve) and down to the floor (+ve) at each point.
The following is an example of a radiation survey input table.
| Point No. | Slope Dist | Vert Circle | Horiz Circle | Up | Down |
| 1 | 10.0 | 91.0000 | 43.0130 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
| 2 | 23.0 | 91.1000 | 65.0300 | 2.0 | 0.0 |
| 3 | 30.0 | 91.4010 | 88.3040 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
| 4 | 38.0 | 91.3500 | 102.4000 | 1.8 | 0.6 |
When you have finished entering data choose Apply, and the UNDERGROUND PICKUPS - RADIATION SURVEYS form is displayed for further entries from a new station. If you wish to end here choose Cancel to display the SURVEYING menu.
Using an Underground Survey Database
Surveying in underground mines presents some unique problems caused by the frequent occurrence of very short lines of sight. The bearings which are subsequently calculated using the known station coordinates on these very short lines are likely to deviate significantly from the bearings obtained by successively adding the horizontal angles to the bearing from the setup station to the backsight station. To resolve this problem, the underground survey database has a field `rev_brng' in which the carried bearing is stored. Any survey function which accepts input of survey observations to calculate the coordinates of new points will use this stored bearing, if appropriate, to calculate the coordinates of the new points.
Note:The following discussion only has relevance if you are using an underground database. If you are using a surface database then bearings are ALWAYS calculated using the known station coordinates.
With respect to underground survey databases, connections between stations are defined by the contents of the `station_fr' field for each station in the database.
The following logic is employed by the calculation module to obtain the bearing from the setup station to the backsight station.
-
If no connection exists between the setup and backsight stations then
a form is displayed advising that the backsight/setup station pairing
may be unsuitable. The reason why the pairing may be unsuitable is that,
due to a mistake in recording the backsight or setup station names, there
may be no line of sight between the two stations due to intervening solid
rock. If this situation occurs the INCONSISTENT BACKSIGHT/SETUP
STATION COMBINATION form is displayed.
Choose Apply to obtain the bearing from the setup station to the backsight by calculating it from the known coordinates of the stations.
Choose Cancel to abort the coordinate calculation process completely. You would make this choice if you wish to check on the backsight and setup station names before proceeding.
- If a connection between the setup and backsight stations exists, then
the stored bearing from the database and the calculated bearing obtained
by using the known coordinates of the two stations are compared.
If the difference between the bearings is less than 2 minutes then the calculation of coordinates will continue and the stored bearing will be used.
If the bearings differ by greater than 2 minutes then the INCONSISTENT DATABASE REVERSE BEARING VALUE form is displayed.
The stored and calculated bearings between the setup and backsight stations are displayed. You must choose one of three possible actions by choosing the appropriate button to determine how you should proceed from this point.
Choose Use stored bearing to proceed with coordinate calculations using the bearing obtained from the database as the bearing from the setup station to the backsight station.
Choose Use Calculated bearing to proceed with coordinate calculations using the bearing obtained from the known coordinates of the setup station and the backsight station.
Choose Cancel to abort the coordinate calculation process completely. You would make this choice if you wish to check on the backsight and setup station names before proceeding.
If the point being surveyed is a new survey station, the reverse bearing from the new survey station to the station from which it was surveyed is stored in the rev_brg field.
Messages
'n' points written to file filename#.str
Result
The function underground radiation survey has formed a `.str file containing the field radiations. A `.dat' file has also been formed containing all the data input, and this one is preferred if wanting a hardcopy.
If the data has been entered incorrectly, the `.dat' file may be edited using a text editor. This avoids having to re-enter the data.